我国南方湿地松木材物理力学性质变异初探

我国南方五省区湿地松木材的密度、晚材率和各项力学强度,随纬度的增加,呈递减状态。纬度与气干容重之间的直线回归方程为:G=1.28—0.027L,相关系数r=0.984.产生此现象的主要原因是,木材的管胞宽度和厚度随着纬度的增加逐渐变窄、变薄。产地的年平均气温和年降水量对湿地松树木的年轮宽度和晚材带宽度影响较大;年轮和晚材带的平均宽度随产地自北向南依次增加,随着山地海拔的升高而减小。     

材性改良研究：Ⅰ.X射线木材密度测定

利用Ｘ射线衍射（Ｄ－ｍａｘ３Ｂ型）改装成直接扫描式Ｘ射线木材密度计，可快速、高效测定木材密度组成，即木材平均密度，平均早材密度，平均晚材密度，最大木材密度，最小木材密度，木材密度梯度和木材密度的变异幅度，为材性改良提供了新手段，本文用Ｘ射线木材密度计测定１７个树种木材密度。     

新型软木原料栓皮槠的采剥,再生试验及理化性能研究

对栓皮槠与栓皮烁树初再生皮在采剥难易、含皮量、再生速度、再生率及其栓皮在外观、质量、化学组成的差异及地理差异等方面进行的对照试验结果表明：栓皮槠栓皮质量好，再生能力强，产皮厚，剥皮工效高，经济效益好，是优良栓皮树种，可用来改造我国的栓皮烁林。     

利用遥感技术预测人工林木材性质及其产品价值的初探

阐述了遥感技术在森林树冠参数提取以及林木冠层与木材结构、性质间的关系研究现状,分析了树冠冠层和木材性质二者之间潜在的关系,探讨了利用高空间分辨率遥感卫星影像(QuickBird)数据分析林木树冠冠层特征的方法,提出了遥感树冠因子与木材性质间的关系模型的构想,进而进行木材性质的预测和产品经济价值的评价。     

Prediction of bending properties for structural glulam using optimized distributions of knot characteristics and laminar MOE

This study established a prediction model for bending properties of glued-laminated timber (glulam) using optimized knot and modulus of elasticity (MOE) distributions of lumber laminate as the main input variables. For this purpose, knot and MOE data were investigated for all pieces of lumber that were prepared for glulam manufacturing, and statistical distributions of knot size, knot number in one lumber, and MOE of each laminate were optimized as distribution functions. These knot and MOE data were used as input variables in the prediction model for bending properties, and were also used in generating virtual glulam using the inverse transform method. Prediction of bending properties for glulam was carried out using the transformed section method, which is partially provided in ASTM D 3737 (Annex A4). Predicted values were compared with those from full-scale four-point bending tests for 60 six-layered glulams with 10 different laminar combinations. Finally, the allowable bending properties of glulam for each specific laminate combination were determined by calculating the fifth percentile of the modulus of rupture and the average modulus of elasticity from virtual test results of more than 1000 virtual glulams. From the results of this study, predicted bending properties for glulam and their distributions could be used for structural design in both allowable stress design and limit state design.     

Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin II: effects of processing parameters

To obtain high-strength phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin-impregnated compressed wood at low pressing pressure, the effects of resin content, preheating temperature, pressing temperature, and pressing speed on the compressive deformation of oven-dried low molecular weight PF resin-impregnated wood was investigated. With an increase of PF resin content, the Youngs modulus of the cell wall perpendicular to the fiber direction decreases, and collapse-initiating pressure decreases linearly with the Youngs modulus. This indicates that the occurrence of cell wall collapse is strain-dependent. By increasing preheating temperatures, the collapse-initiating pressure increases due to the increment of the Youngs modulus of the cell wall. An increase in pressing temperature results in the thermal softening of the cell wall and causes collapse at a lower pressure. The wood is compressed effectively despite accelerated resin curing. The pressing speed significantly affects the viscoelastic deformation of the cell wall and the wood is well deformed with decreasing pressing speed, although the differences in density and mechanical properties are relatively small after a pressure-holding period of 30min. In all the parameters examined in this study, the Youngs modulus and bending strength increase with increasing density.     

The impact of beaver dam removal on the chemical properties of water in drainage ditches in peatland forests

ABSTRACT

Despite near-extinction in the nineteenth century, after efficient restoration measures the population of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) in Latvia currently is viable and growing. While the ecological effect of the species on water quality and biodiversity is generally positive, the high number of animals in production forests often creates challenges for management. Drainage ditches are among the most favoured habitats of beavers resulting in flooded stands, reduced tree growth and economical losses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical properties of water in forest drainage ditches, affected by beaver activity, and their changes after the dam removal. Chemical composition of surface water in ditches was analysed in sampling points above dam, below dam and in the ditch itself after removal of the dam; results compared to pristine beaver site nearby on a small stream. Results did not show significant differences between concentrations above and below dams. After removal of the dams, significant increase in DOC, N-NO₃ ^-, N-NH₄ ⁺ and TSS concentrations and significant decrease in TP concentrations were observed in some of the sites. Observed concentrations of all measured parameters were significantly lower in pristine beaver site than in beaver sites on drainage ditches.     

Characterization of the morphological,physical, and mechanical properties of seven nonwood plant fiber bundles

The morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of the nonwood plant fiber bundles of ramie, pineapple, sansevieria, kenaf, abaca, sisal, and coconut fiber bundles were investigated. All fibers except those of coconut fiber had noncircular cross-sectional shapes. The crosssectional area of the fiber bundles was evaluated by an improved method using scanning electron microscope images. The coefficient factor defined as the ratio of the cross-sectional area determined by diameter measurement, to the cross-sectional area determined by image analysis was between 0.92 and 0.96 for all fibers. This indicated that the area determined by diameter measurement was available. The densities of the fiber bundles decreased with increasing diameters. The diameters of each fiber species had small variation of around 3.4%-9.8% within a specimen. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of ramie, pineapple, and sansevieria fiber bundles showed excellent values in comparison with the other fibers. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus showed a decreasing trend with increasing diameter of fiber bundles.     

桂西北秃杉人工林土壤肥力变化的研究

采用时空互换法,于广西南丹县山口林场选取不同林龄(9、14、20 a)的秃杉人工林作为研究对象,对其土壤物理性质、化学性质和生物化学性质(土壤酶活性)进行研究。结果表明:不同林分年龄土壤性质存在一定的差异,8、14、20 a秃杉人工林表层土壤(0 20 cm)土壤密度分别为0.978、0.914、0.890 g·cm^-3,总孔隙度分别为63.10%、65.53 %、66.40%,土壤最大持水量分别为64.55%、71.70%、74.58%。随着林龄的增长,土壤各化学和生物化学指标的变化不尽相同,但林分年龄到20年生时,多数土壤养分和酶活性指标都有所升高,土壤肥力状况得到提高。     

毛竹材材性变异的研究

通过对毛竹材纤维形态，组织比量、纤维素含量和基本的分析测定，研究了不同年龄、不同胸径、竹秆不同部位栲生性状的变异特点结果表明，竹材纤维长度主要受竹秆部位的影响，与年龄和胸径无显著相关，组织比量与年龄无显著相关，与胸径有一定相关；纤维素含量和基本密度与年龄、胸径、竹秆部位均有关系，从材性变异特点来看，经营培育小径级毛竹对制浆造纸更有利。